AR

Double education

Introduction

Article 20 of the Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt stipulates: “The State shall encourage and develop technical, technological, and vocational education and training, and expand its various forms in accordance with global quality standards and in line with labor market needs.” Work-based learning is one of the approaches used to enhance the technical education system, providing students with the tools and opportunities to acquire practical skills and apply theoretical concepts in real work environments. This model includes several forms designed to bridge the gap between labor market demands and the graduates of the technical education system. One key model is the Dual Education and Training System.

Dual Education and Training System

The Dual Education and Training System is based on a partnership between the Ministry of Education and Technical Education and the private sector. It integrates practical training in companies with theoretical education in technical schools, with the goal of graduating skilled technicians who are equipped to meet the demands of various economic sectors.

Application Models of the Dual Education System in Egypt
• Factory-based School

This model is based on establishing a school within the training facility itself. Educational and training programs are designed and implemented jointly by the Ministry of Education and Technical Education and the institution (private sector) to meet the company’s need for trained manpower.

• Attached Classes

This model involves attaching some Dual Education classes to an existing technical school, where students study theoretical subjects two days a week at school and receive practical training for four days at the training facility. These classes are supervised by the Dual Education Department.

• Centers of Excellence

These are specialized technical schools operating under the Dual Education model, upgraded in terms of curricula, staff, training, logistics, and more. The goal is to provide high-quality education and training to improve an entire industrial sector. These schools may include extended vocational training periods at major private-sector companies that invest in the school to develop the sector it serves (e.g., industrial engineering, after-sales automotive services, etc.). The educational and training plans are agreed upon through a Steering Committee comprising the entities involved in the Center of Excellence model.

How the Dual Education and Training System Works

The dual education system is based on a combination of school and workplace environments to deliver technical and vocational training in complementary proportions as follows:

A chart illustrating the 70% practical training and 30% theoretical study distribution.
70% of Vocational Education and Training in Companies
  • Four days a week of practical training at the training facility during the academic year for no more than 6 hours per day.
  • Six days a week of training during the summer vacation.
  • Students receive a monthly stipend that increases gradually each academic year according to the training contract.
  • Students are entitled to a 30-day vacation during the academic year and the summer break.
30% of Vocational Education and Training in Technical Schools
  • Two days a week for theoretical studies during the academic year.
  • Six to eight weeks of foundational practical training in school workshops or supplementary training centers, depending on the profession.
Occupations for Dual System Graduates

The system offers approximately 80 professions in the following fields: construction, chemical industries, woodworking, commercial sectors, textiles and ready-made garments, mechanical professions, hospitality, automotive, decorative arts, electrical and electronics, agriculture, leather industries, and other professions developed according to labor market needs.

Impact of Implementing the Dual Education and Training System on Training Institutions, the Economy, and the Labor Market
Impact on Training Institutions

Non-quantifiable benefits:

  • Hiring trainees after training saves time and costs associated with unskilled labor training.
  • Avoids costs of hiring unsuitable external employees.
  • Familiarity with workplace rules and culture.
  • Improved relationships with clients.
  • Increased loyalty of trainees to the institution.
  • Possibility of growth and expansion thanks to reliable access to skilled labor.

Short-term benefits:

  • Trainee contributes to the production process during training.
  • Improved productivity among senior workers.
  • Reduced cost of seasonal labor.
  • Higher readiness to meet increasing demands.
  • Practicing corporate social responsibility enhances the company’s image.

Long-term benefits:

  • Reduced training costs for new employees.
  • Reduced supervision costs when trainees can oversee others.
  • Sustained availability of skilled labor in the company’s field.
Impact on the National Economy and Labor Market

Short-term benefits:

  • Graduates align with actual labor market needs.

Long-term benefits:

  • Increased volume and value of domestic production.
  • Improved competitiveness of the Egyptian market.
  • Growth in the national GDP.
  • Reduction in unemployment rates.
Benefits for Students Upon Graduation from Dual Education and Training Schools
  • Receiving a technical secondary school diploma under the dual education and training system issued by the Ministry of Education and Technical Education.
  • Obtaining an experience certificate from the supervising body (either the Egyptian Federation of Investors Associations, the Federation of Egyptian Industries, or the Alexandria Businessmen Association).
  • Receiving a monthly stipend and performance-based incentives from the training company.
  • Gaining practical and technical experience in the chosen profession.
  • Increased chance of quickly securing a quality job, with possible direct employment in the training company or others.
  • Early integration into the labor market and building a network of professional contacts and job opportunities.
  • The option to either start working directly after graduation or continue studying at eligible colleges or institutes.
The Role of the Federation of Egyptian Industries in the Dual Education and Training System
  • The Federation serves as a service provider according to Ministerial Decree No. 111 of 2021 regulating the relationship between stakeholders in the dual education system.
  • The Federation operates under bilateral contracts with the Ministry of Education and Technical Education and quadrilateral contracts with all parties (service provider, training facility, school, and guardian).
  • The Federation delivers its services through directly affiliated units or in cooperation with NGOs, covering 8 governorates: Monufia, Cairo, Giza, Alexandria, Gharbia, Dakahlia, Damietta, and Kafr El-Sheikh.
  • The Federation is a member of the Steering Committee for the dual education and training system, established by Ministerial Decree No. 191 of 2024 and chaired by the Deputy Minister for Technical Education.
  • It also participates as a member of the Central Technical Secretariat, chaired by the General Director of the General Administration of Dual Education and Training.
  • The Federation collaborates with the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) to develop and modernize curricula in line with labor market requirements.
Attachments
Ministerial Decree No. 111 of 2021 Steering Committee Decree No. 191 of 2024 Student and Parent Guide
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